Q: Define
Organization.
Family unit is an organization.
An
organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective
goal. The word itself is derived from the Greek word org anon, itself derived
from the better-known word ergon - as we know `organ` - and it means a
compartment for a particular job.
A
social unit of people, systematically structured and managed to meet a need or
to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis. All organizations have a
management structure that determines relationships between functions and
positions, and subdivides and delegates roles, responsibilities, and authority
to carry out defined tasks. Organizations are open systems in that they affect
and are affected by the environment beyond their boundaries.
Family
unit is an organization: It is good to remember a family is an organization. In
fact, it is the basic organization of society. This is just one of the reasons
I am such a proponent of family meetings. You wouldn't think of running a
successful business without a plan, goal setting meetings, team building
sessions and clear missions and expectations. As such, everyone in the family
should have an equivalent of a job description. Each person's job description
helps him define his roles and responsibilities in the family. Just like in the
workplace, the clearer the job description and the more input is solicited from
the participant, the more ownership is established. If you have ever worked in
a workplace where no one knew what their job was day to day and rules were
arbitrary, you will recall how chaotic and frustrating it was for everyone. The
following information on structuring a family council has been compiled in part
from information contained in The Parent's Handbook by Dinkmeyer & McKay,
as well twenty five years of personal experience.
Q:
What are the factors influence organizational behavior?
People: Organizations
consist of individuals with very diverse educational backgrounds, values,
abilities, and perceptive.
Structure: The formal
relationship between and use of the people within the organization. Jobs and
relationships make-up the structure of the organization. The present trend is
towards a flatter organizational structure consisting of fewer levels.
Technology: The machinery and
computer hardware and software that the people of the organization use to
effectively accomplish tasks. While technology allows people to accomplish
their jobs in a more efficient way there is a delicate balance between
technology and the social systems within an organization.
Environment: Organizations have
both an internal and external environment. Every organization is part of a
larger system that consists of elements such as government, competitors,
family, and other organizations. Factors such as globalization, and society’s
expectations of the organization influence one another in an intricate, complex
system in which all organizations and the effects of their behavior are
interrelated.
Q: Distinguhish
between formal and informal organization?
Meaning :Formal
Organization is formed when two or more persons come together. They have a
common objective or goal. They are willing to work together to achieve this
similar objective. Formal Organization has its own rules and regulation. These
rules must be followed by the members (employees and managers). A formal
Organization has a system of co-ordination. It also has a system of authority.
It has a clear superior-subordinate relationship. In a formal Organization, the
objectives are specific and well-defined. All the members are given specific
duties and responsibilities. Examples of formal Organization are:- a company, a
school, a college, a bank, etc.
Informal Organization exists within the
formal Organization. An informal Organization is a network of personal and
social relationships. People working in a formal Organization meet and interact
regularly. They work, travel, and eat together. Therefore, they become good
friends and companions. There are many groups of friends in a formal
Organization. These groups are called informal Organization. An informal
Organization does not have its own rules and regulation. It has no system of
co-ordination and authority. It doesn't have any superior-subordinate relationship
nor any specific and well-defined objectives. Here in informal Organization,
communication is done through the grapevine.
Formed by Whom? A formal
Organization is formed by the top level management. An informal Organization is
formed by social forces within the formal Organization.
Rules and Regulations: The members of a
formal Organization have to follow certain rules and regulations. These rules
are available in writing (documented). They are made by a formal authority
(superiors). If the members follow these rules properly, then they will be
rewarded. However, if they do not follow these rules, they will be punished.
The members of an informal Organization do not have to follow any rules and
regulations.
Duties and Responsibilities: In a formal
Organization, the duties, responsibilities, authority and accountability of
each member is well-defined. In an informal Organization, there are no fixed
duties, responsibilities, authority, accountability, etc. for the members.
Objectives or Goals: In a formal
Organization, the objectives or goals are specific and well-defined. The main
objectives of a formal Organization are productivity, growth, and expansion. In
an informal Organization, the objectives are not specific and well-defined. The
main objectives of an informal Organization are friendship, security, common
interest, individual and group satisfaction, etc.
Stability:
A
formal Organization is stable. An informal Organization is not stable.
Channels
of Communication: A
formal Organization uses formal channels of communication. An informal
Organization uses informal channels of communication (i.e. grapevine)
Superior-Subordinate
Relationship: In
a formal Organization, there exist a superior-subordinate relationship. In an
informal Organization, there is no such superior-subordinate relationship.
Benefits
for Members :The
members of the formal Organization get financial benefits and perks like wages
or salaries, bonus, travelling allowances, health insurance, etc. The members
of informal Organization get social and personal benefits like friend circle,
community, groups, etc.
Q:
Define Organizational Behavior and its key forces?
Organizational behavior is the study
and application at knowledge about the how people - as individuals and a groups
- act within organization. It strives to identify ways in which people can act
more effectively."
- Keith Davis "Organizational behavior can be defined as the understanding, prediction and management of the human behavior affect the performance of the organizations.
- Keith Davis "Organizational behavior can be defined as the understanding, prediction and management of the human behavior affect the performance of the organizations.
- Luthans
1. People – Individuals
and groups.
2. Structures – Jobs and
relationships.
3. Technology – Machinery
and computers( Hardware and Software).
4. Social System
Environment –Government, societal pressure & competition.
Q: What are the basic approaches of
Organizational Behavior?
The four basic approaches of OB are:
Human Resources ( supportive) approach- Employee growth and development toward higher levels of
competency, creativity and fulfillment are encouraged and supported because
people are the central resource in any organization and society.
Contingency approach-Different
managerial behaviors are required by different
environments for effectiveness.
Results-oriented approach-Outcomes
of organizational behavior programs are assessed in terms of their efficiency.
Systems approach-
All parts of an organization interact in a complex relationship. Systems
approach takes an across- the board view of people in organizations and
analyses issues in terms of total situations and as many factors as possible
that may affect people’s behavior.
Q: Define Goal.
What are the goals of organizational Behavior?
An
observable and measurable end
result
having one or more objectives to be achieved
within a more or less fixed timeframe.
There are some goals
of organizational behavior which are as follows:
Describe: The first goal is to describe,
systematically how people behave under a variety of conditions. Achieving this
goal allows managers to communicate about human behavior at work using a common
language.
Understand: A second goal is to understand any
people behave as they do. The managers would be frustrated if they could talk
about behavior of their employees, but not understand the reasons behind those
actions.
Predict: The managers would have capacity to
predict which employees might be dedicated and productive or which ones might
have absent, cause problem. And thus the managers could take preventive actions.
Control: The final goal of OB is to control and
develop some human activity at work. Since managers are held responsible for
performance outcome, they are vitally interested in being able to make an
impact on employee behavior, skill development, team effort, and productivity.
Managers need to be able to improve results through the actions they and their
employees take, and organizational behavior can aid them in their pursuit of
this goal.
Q. What are the three
levels of analysis in a organizational behabior?
Individual
level:
in
individual level organizational behavior involves the study of learning,
perception, creativity, motivation, personality, turnover, task performance,
cooperative behavior, deviant behavior, ethics, and cognition. At this level of
analysis, organizational behavior draws heavily upon psychology, engineering,
and medicine.
Group
level: At the group level of analysis,
organizational behavior involves the study of group dynamics, intra- and inter
group conflict and cohesion, leadership, power, norms, interpersonal
communication, networks, and roles. At this level of analysis, organizational
behavior draws upon the sociological and socio-psychological sciences
Organizational
level:
At
the organization level of analysis, organizational behavior involves the study
of topics such as organizational culture, organizational structure, cultural
diversity, inter-organizational cooperation and conflict, change, technology,
and external environmental forces. At this level of analysis, organizational
behavior draws upon anthropology and political science